They are gradually being added to the catalogue, but a constantly decreasing number remain available only through printed scholarly catalogues, usually organised according to language. Manuscripts are always provided with a prefix ‘Or.’ and an accession number. It is possible to refine your search with criteria such as year of publication, material type or language. Romanisation is used for non-Latin script records, but currently efforts are being undertaken to create records in vernacular script. Printed books, irrespective of language or date of publication, can be accessed through the catalogue.From the late sixteenth century onwards, constant efforts were made to expand the collections with new important text editions and studies. For instance, the Scaliger collection contains early printed books in Semitic languages, such as a Hebrew Bible printed in Brescia in 5254/1494 and an early Ethiopian Psalter, published by Joannes Potken and printed in Rome in 1513. Rare printed books were acquired according to a much more regular pattern than manuscripts. Late in the twentieth century an interesting collection of several hundred wooden sticks with inscriptions in Old South Arabic was given on permanent loan by Stichting Oosters Instituut, Leiden. Rendel Harris (1852-1941) donated a collection of 57 Armenian manuscripts to Leiden University Library. In the course of the twentieth century the emphasis shifted to the acquisition of Ethiopian manuscripts, many of them Tetraevangelia with coloured miniatures. In the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries the acquisition of manuscripts came to an almost complete standstill, but at the beginning of the twentieth century the British scholar J. For the greater part the Warner Hebraica are related with Karaïte Judaism. Many manuscripts in Syriac originate from the Christians on the Malabar Coast, India, and were acquired through the trade channels of the Dutch East India Company (VOC). 1618-1665), an envoy of the Dutch Republic to the Sublime Porte at Istanbul and mainly known for his much larger collection of Islamic manuscripts at Leiden University, also collected more than a hundred Hebrew manuscripts. This collection includes the sole surviving manuscript of the Jerusalem Talmud, Or. Josephus Justus Scaliger (1540–1609), one of the first luminaries of Leiden University, left his collection of Semitica to the University at his death in 1609. In the sixteenth century the study of the Semitic languages was still regarded as an ancillary subject for the study of the Scriptures, but before long it acquired the status of an independent separate discipline.
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